In this lesson, you will learn about different types of C++ operators and their usage, such as the addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/).

What is an operator?

An operator is a symbol that performs an operation, such as the addition symbol +, which tells the compiler to add two or more numbers.

More like this:

• if … if else Statement in C++
• C++ while Loop
• C++ do while Loop

Type of operators

Below are the type of operators in C++

Assignment Operators

The Assignment Operator is used to assigning a value to a variable.

x = 5;

where the ‘=’ tells the compiler to set the value of x to 5.

Below is the list of assignment operators in programming.

Example of Assignment Operators in C++

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  int x = 10;
  int output;

  output = x;
  cout << " '='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output += x;
  cout << " '+='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output -= x;
  cout << " '-='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output *= x;
  cout << " '-='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output /= x;
  cout << " '/='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output %= x;
  cout << " '%='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;


  output = 80;

  output %= x;
  cout << " ' %='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output <<= 2;
  cout << " '<<='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output >>= 2;
  cout << " '>>='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output &= 2;
  cout << " '&='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output ^= 2;
  cout << " '^='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output |= 2;
  cout << " '|='  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  return 0;
}

‘=’ Operator example. The value of output is 10
‘+=’ Operator example. The value of output is 20
‘-=’ Operator example. The value of output is 10
‘-=’ Operator example. The value of output is 100
‘/=’ Operator example. The value of output is 10
‘%=’ Operator example. The value of output is 0
‘%=’ Operator example. The value of output is 0
‘<<=’ Operator example. The value of output is 0
‘>>=’ Operator example. The value of output is 0
‘&=’ Operator example. The value of output is 0
‘^=’ Operator example. The value of output is 2
‘|=’ Operator example. The value of output is 2

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic, of Mathematical Operators, are used to perform arithmetic operations.

z = x + y

Below are the arithmetic operators available to you.

Example of Arithmetic Operators in C++

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  int x = 50;
  int y = 20;
  int output;

  output = x + y;
  cout << " '+'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output = x - y;
  cout << " '-'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output = x * y;
  cout << " '*'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output = x / x;
  cout << " '/'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output = x % y;
  cout << " '%'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output = x++;
  cout << " '++'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;

  output = x--;
  cout << " '--'  Operator example. The value of output  is " << output <<
    endl;


  return 0;
}

Output

 ‘+’  Operator example. The value of output  is 70
‘-‘  Operator example. The value of output  is 30
‘*’  Operator example. The value of output  is 1000
‘/’  Operator example. The value of output  is 1
‘%’  Operator example. The value of output  is 10
‘++’  Operator example. The value of output  is 50
‘–‘  Operator example. The value of output  is 51

Rational Operators

Operator	Description	Example
	To checks if the values of two operands are equal or not.	x == y
!=	To checks if the values of two operands are equal or not.	x != y
>	To checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand.	x>y
<	To checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand.	x
>=	To checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand.	x>=y
<=	To checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand.	x<=y

Example of Rational Operations in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
   int x = 25;
   int y = 10;
   int c ;

   if( x == y ) {
      cout << "x is equal to y" << endl ;
   }  
   
   if( x < y ) {
      cout << "x is less than y" << endl ;
   }  
   
   if( x > y ) {
      cout << "x is greater than y" << endl ;
   }  
   
   x = 10;
   y = 25;
   if( x <= y ) {
      cout << "x is less than or equal to y" << endl ;
   }
   
   if( y >= x ) {
      cout << "y is greater than or equal to x" << endl ;
   }
   
   return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

  int x = 10;

  int y = 40;

  int c;

  if (x && y) {

    cout << "Condition is true" << endl;

  }

  if (x || y) {

    cout << "Condition is true" << endl;

  }

  x = 0;

  y = 5;

  if (x && y) {

    cout << "Condition is true" << endl;

  } else {

    cout << "Condition is not true" << endl;

  }

  if (!(x && y)) {

    cout << "Condition is true" << endl;

  }

  return 0;

}

Output

Condition is true

Condition is true

Condition is not true

Condition is true

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise Operators are used for data manipulation at the bit level.

Example of Bitwise Operators in C++

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

  unsigned int x = 3; // 3 = 11 in bit
  unsigned int y = 4; // 4 = 100 in bit
  int result;

  result = x & y;
  cout << "x & y is: " << result << endl;

  result = x | y;
  cout << "x | y is: " << result << endl;

  result = x ^ y;
  cout << "x ^ y is: " << result << endl;

  result = ~x;
  cout << "~x is: " << result << endl;

  result = x << 2;
  cout << "x << 2 is: " << result << endl;

  result = x >> 2;
  cout << "x >> 2 is: " << result << endl;

  return 0;

}

Miscellaneous Operators

In addition to the above, C++ support the following operators:

Ternary Operators

The Ternary Operator returns one value if the condition is true. Otherwise, it will return another value.

The syntax of Ternary Operators is

Expression1? Expression2: Expression3;

For example

var = (x < 5) ? 10 : 12;

If x is less than 5, the var value is set to 10. Else, it will be set to 12.

sizeof Operator

A very useful operator that returns the size of a variable, depending on its Data Type, or the size of the Data Type itself.

int a;
cout sizeof (a);
cout sizeof (int);

cast Operator

The cast operator is an operator that converts a Data Type into another.

double x = 3.14;
int c ;
c = (int) a;

Points to remember